In a research report published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists identify the brain region called the amiglada responsible for one's behavior while risking anything.
When amiglada is not working properly, a person tends to take risks is very large.
Amiglada is part of the brain that consists of two networks of almonds. This section is associated with feelings and perceptions of fear and the ability to empathize.
These findings, the researchers say, offering an understanding of economic behavior and showed that humans evolved to be cautious about the prospect of losing food or other valuable property.
The author of this research, Benedetto De Martino of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and the University College of London claim this research may explain why people would refuse to bet even if there is an opportunity to produce a victory.
"Evidence of laboratory and reality shows, people often avoid the risk of losing even when they may get greater results, the choice behavior of the so-called 'aversion to losses,'" said the researcher.
"Imagine you're in the show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. You've just answered the question correctly valued at 500,000 dollars and faced with the last question. You have a 50:50 chance but did not know the answer .. If you are right, will win 1 million dollars ; if any money back to the value of 32,000. The majority of people will take the option surrender and go home with cash amounting to 500,000, he said.
Benedetto De Martino observed two women who suffered from a rare genetic disorder called the disease "Urbach-Wiethe". The researchers compared the reaction of the two women with 12 people whose brains normal. According to Benedetto, such studies usually involve only a few people because it is not possible or not ethical to deliberately damage a person's brain to see what happens.
In the study, the volunteers asked to make a bet, the conditions they might win 20 dollars or less 5 dollars - which of course the risk is taken by most people - or will win or lose 20 dollars, the conditions will be rejected by most people. Both patients with damage amiglada without worrying that even placing a bet of 50 dollars.
"We think this shows that amiglada very important in triggering a sense of caution towards the establishment of a bet when one might lose," said Colin Camerera from University College London are also involved in research.
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